Seeking spatial R tricks

Question

R is becoming pretty strong tool for handling and analyzing spatial data. I learned some useful things through questions like these at SO and thought it might be useful to have something simmilar, but more 'spatially' oriented.

Can you share some spatial R tips and tricks that you found useful?

Answer 1

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This is not so much a trick as it is spplot()'s nifty built-in functionality. spplot()’s ability to scale legend swatches (to match classification break ranges) serves as a useful pedagogical tool when discussing attribute data distribution and classification types. Combining cumulative distribution plots with the maps helps in this endeavor.

The students only need to modify a few script parameters to explore classification types and data transformation effects. This is usually their first foray into R in what is a mostly ArcGIS centric course.

Here's a code snippet:

library(rgdal) # Loads SP package by default
NE = readOGR(".", "NewEngland") # Creates a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame class (sp)
library(classInt)
library(RColorBrewer)
pal = brewer.pal(7,"Greens")
brks.qt = classIntervals(NE$Frac_Bach, n = 7, style = "quantile")
brks.jk = classIntervals(NE$Frac_Bach, n = 7, style = "jenks")
brks.eq = classIntervals(NE$Frac_Bach, n = 7, style = "equal")
Example of one of the map plots
spplot(NE, "Frac_Bach",at=brks.eq$brks,col.regions=pal, col="transparent",
       main = list(label="Equal breaks"))
Example of one of the cumulative dist plots
plot(brks.eq,pal=pal,main="Equal Breaks")

Ref: Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R (R. Bivand, E Pebesma & V. Gomez-Rubio)

Answer 2

EDIT: note this no longer works 2018-10-24, due to new requirements for google map sources.

I was pretty happy to find the dismo package with geocoding and google maps download:

library(dismo)
x <- geocode('110 George Street, Bathurst, NSW, Australia')
a <- x[5:8] + c(-0.001, 0.001, -0.001, 0.001)
e <- extent(as.numeric(a))
g <- gmap(e, type = "satellite")

plot(g)

That is in R 2.12.0 on Windows, it's trivial to install dismo and its dependencies there, not sure on other systems.

Answer 3

Also not a trick but here are some resources/examples I have collected

An example of plotting small multiple maps of Areal data in R using the lattice package.

There are a few questions on StackOverflow asking about mapping and R, and here is one with a nice example. I would look at the other answers and the resources they give (as well as search for some more examples) on SO as well.

A different link to the same r-sig-geo group Brad already gave. It is very active, and Roger Bivand answers questions practically every day on the group. Both related to programming and statistical analysis.

Besides checking out the cran spatial page I would also suggest specifically checking out the Spatstat page maintained by Adrian Baddeley. Plenty of examples, a course, and a forthcoming e-book. (At the moment I have been going through the spatstat course, and I think it is a much gentler introduction than the Bivand book).

Not a free resource, but for anyone interested in R I would suggest you check out the Use R! series by Springer. The have a book Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R directly pertinent (also the book A Beginner's Guide to R is my suggested learning R book.)

A free e-book, A Practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping (Hengl 2009), has examples of applied geostats in R, GRASS, and Google Earth (KML).

If I find anymore good examples I will continue to update (I hope other people post good examples as well!)

Answer 4

For raster analysis the raster package is extremely powerful. Beside the standard manual there a few vignettes to get started.

Answer 5

I'm not a PostGIS user, but after suggesting Voronoi polygons for a nearest neighbor question, I did a bit of searching. I found that with R, you can create Voronoi polygons for PostGIS. I'm impressed.

Answer 6

I stumbled upon Spatial-Analyst.net. Very informative, comprehensive, and useful. More specific to this question and inline with some of the previous answers, see this page.

Answer 7

With this function, you can easily make spatial joins, but only if all areas are filled by polygons.

library(rgeos)
library(sp) 
library(maptools)
library(rgdal)
library(sp)
xy.map <- readShapeSpatial("http://www.udec.cl/~jbustosm/points.shp")
manzana.map <- readShapeSpatial("http://www.udec.cl/~jbustosm/manzanas_from.shp" )

IntersectPtWithPoly <- function(x, y) { 
# Extracts values from a SpatialPolygonDataFrame with SpatialPointsDataFrame, and appends table (similar to 
# ArcGIS intersect)
# Args: 
#   x: SpatialPoints*Frame
#   y: SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
# Returns:
# SpatialPointsDataFrame with appended table of polygon attributes

  # Set up overlay with new column of join IDs in x
  z <- overlay(y, x)

  # Bind captured data to points dataframe
  x2 <- cbind(x, z)

  # Make it back into a SpatialPointsDataFrame 
  # Account for different coordinate variable names 
  if(("coords.x1" %in% colnames(x2)) & ("coords.x2" %in% colnames(x2))) {
    coordinates(x2) <- ~coords.x1 + coords.x2  
  } else if(("x" %in% colnames(x2)) & ("x" %in% colnames(x2))) {
    coordinates(x2) <- ~x + y 
  }

  # Reassign its projection if it has one
  if(is.na(CRSargs(x@proj4string)) == "FALSE") {
    x2@proj4string <- x@proj4string  
  }
  return(x2)
}


test<-IntersectPtWithPoly (xy.map,manzana.map)

Answer 8

See also here how to enjoy high quality statistic analysis in GRASS: http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/R_statistics

Answer 9

Example of Point pattern analysis:

#Load library
library(spatstat) 
#create some coordinates        
x=c(78,120,150,17,20,402) 
#prepare the window range      
y=c(70,103,100,205,200,301)
win=owin(range(x),range(y)) 
#create the point pattern
p <- ppp(x,y,window=win)
#Plot it
plot(p) 

Creates a point pattern and depict it. The spatstat package has a number of functions for analysing geographical data. Here are some spatstat tutorials:

• Spatstat: An R package for Analyzing Spatial Point Patterns
• Introduction to spatstat
• Handling shapefiles in the spatstat package

Answer 10

Not sure if this qualifies as a "trick", but I'm a huge fan of the combination of the acs package (for selecting US Census data) and the leaflet package (for making interactive javascript maps that can be hosted online).

This tutorial does an excellent job illustrating the benefit of using these two packages together.