Compress $HOME Directory Using tar.bz2 | macOS 10.15.7

Question

Not interested in using Time Machine in this case.

Trying to backup the $HOME directory and am producing an error at the same location no matter the command so far:

~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/DataVaults: Cannot stat: Operation not permitted

The approaches I've attempted with so far are the following:

1. sudo tar -jcvf /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2 .

2. sudo ditto -jV --keepParent --arch /Volumes/passport/home_catalina

3. sudo rsync -Paz -EH . /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2

   3a. sudo rsync -Pa -EH . /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2 --exclude ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/DataVaults

   3b. sudo rsync -Pa -EH . /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2 --exclude ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data

   3c. sudo rsync -Pa -EH . /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2 --exclude ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail

4. sudo tar -jcvf /Volumes/passport/michael_catalina.tar.bz2 . --no-mac-metadata

I've also tried the above in Recovery Mode.