Viola tricolor

Viola tricolor, Dollerup, Hald Sø, Jylland, Denmark
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Viola tricolor is listed as Least Concern.

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Subgenus: Viola subg. Viola
Sectio: Viola sect. Melanium
Subsectio: Viola subsect. Bracteolatae
Species: Viola tricolor
Subspecies: V. t. subsp. alpestris – V. t. subsp. ammotropha – V. t. subsp. curtisii – V. t. subsp. macedonica – V. t. subsp. matutina – V. t. subsp. subalpina – V. t. subsp. tricolor

Name

Viola tricolor L., Sp. Pl. 2: 935 (1753).

Synonyms

  • Homotypic
    • Jacea tricolor (L.) Opiz, Seznam: 54 (1852)
    • Mnemion tricolor (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 515 (1836)
    • Viola tricolor subsp. erecta Ehrh., Hannover. Mag. 18: 232 (1780), not validly publ.
    • Viola tricolor var. major Roth, Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 763 (1827), not validly publ.
    • Viola versicolor Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 130 (1796), nom. superfl.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland (introduced), Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Corse, France, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa (introduced)
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Réunion.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Siberia
      • Altay, Krasnoyarsk (introduced), West Siberia.
    • Regional: Russian Far East (introduced)
      • Primorye, Sakhalin.
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan.
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Iran, Sinai (introduced), Turkey.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced)
      • Japan, Korea.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Laos, Vietnam.
  • Continental: Northern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Subarctic America
      • Alaska, Yukon.
    • Regional: Western Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California, Utah.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico, Texas.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Central America
      • Guatemala.
    • Regional: Caribbean
      • Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica.
    • Regional: Northern South America
      • Venezuela.
    • Regional: Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South.
  • Continental: Antarctic
    • Regional: Subantarctic Islands
      • Tristan da Cunha.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

Vernacular names

  • azərbaycanca: Üçrəng bənövşə
  • башҡортса: Ала миләүшә
  • беларуская: Браткі
  • български: Трицветна теменуга
  • bosanski: Poljska ljubičica
  • català: Pensament silvestre
  • kaszëbsczi: Pôchnący proliszk
  • čeština: Violka trojbarevná
  • Cymraeg: Trilliw
  • dansk: Almindelig Stedmoderblomst
  • Deutsch: Wildes Stiefmütterchen
  • English: Wild Pansy
  • español: Pensamiento salvaje
  • eesti: Aaskannike
  • فارسی: بنفشه سه‌رنگ
  • suomi: Keto-orvokki
  • français: Pensée sauvage
  • galego: Herba da trindade
  • Gaelg: Blaa villish
  • hrvatski: Maćuhica
  • magyar: Háromszínű árvácska
  • հայերեն: Եռագույն մանուշակ
  • íslenska: Þrenningarfjóla
  • italiano: Viola tricolore
  • 日本語: サンシキスミレ
  • ქართული: იაჟუჟუნა
  • қазақша: Үш түсті шегіргүл
  • 한국어: 삼색제비꽃
  • lietuvių: Trispalvė našlaitė
  • Nederlands: Driekleurig Viooltje
  • norsk nynorsk: Stemorsblom
  • norsk: Stemorsblomst
  • polski: Fiołek trójbarwny
  • português: Amor-perfeito
  • română: Panseluţă
  • русский: Фиалка трёхцветная
  • davvisámegiella: Gieddeviola
  • srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Maćuhica
  • slovenčina: Fialka trojfarebná
  • српски / srpski: Дан-ноћ
  • svenska: Styvmorsviol
  • Türkçe: Hercai menekşe
  • українська: Фіалка триколірна
  • Tiếng Việt: Hoa tím tam sắc
  • 中文（简体）: 三色堇
  • 中文（繁體）: 三色堇
  • 中文（臺灣）: 三色堇
  • 中文: 三色堇
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