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This might belong on physics.SE or astronomy.SE or not on SE at all as it's not falsifiable

I believe a meteoroid caused the dinosaurs to go extinct by causing a global winter. However Earth has been impacted by various meteoroids even in recent times.

Assume a meteoroid of similar composition to Earth. How large does it have to be in order to cause a global winter for several years? Does the flight path affect that? For example I expect in prograde orbit almost anything will simply burn.

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    Depends on the kinetic energy. And on whether a global winter for several years would wipe out humanity; we've become pretty good at finding technological solution that would allow at least some people to survive. – gerrit Oct 04 '23 at 14:41
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    "Asking for a friend." – Russell Borogove Oct 04 '23 at 15:27
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    Please read all the questions in https://space.stackexchange.com/search?q=extinction – Rory Alsop Oct 04 '23 at 15:34
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    Is "wipe-out" "kill >50%" or "kill every last person"? The former requires destroying agriculture, while the latter may require a worse mass extinction than Earth has ever had, given holdouts on stored food. – Kevin Kostlan Oct 04 '23 at 21:36
  • https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/26457/could-planets-explode-in-space/26461#26461 – Nilay Ghosh Oct 05 '23 at 00:48

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