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1500 questions
205
votes
3 answers

Difference between KVM and QEMU

I have been reading about KVM and Qemu for sometime. As of now I have a clear understanding of what they do. KVM supports hardware virtualization to provide near native performance to the Guest Operating sytems. On the other hand QEmu emulates the…
Abhishek Gupta
  • 2,185
204
votes
9 answers

Heartbleed: What is it and what are options to mitigate it?

This is a Canonical Question about understanding and remediating the Heartbleed security issue. What exactly is CVE-2014-0160 AKA "Heartbleed"? What is the cause, what OSs and versions of OpenSSL are vulnerable, what are the symptoms, are there…
Jacob
  • 9,242
204
votes
3 answers

How do I ask apt-get to skip any interactive post-install configuration steps?

I have a server build script which uses apt-get to install packages. It then puts pre-written configuration files directly in place, so the interactive post-install configuration dialog in packages such as postfix is not needed. How do I skip this…
jl6
  • 2,635
203
votes
9 answers

How to start/stop/restart launchd services from the command line?

How do I restart, say for example my httpd or afpd, running any Mac OS X >= 10.5 (Leopard-), without having to use the GUI and go to System Preferences -> Sharing and unchecking/checking "Web Sharing"? I'm looking for the canonical equivalent to…
conny
  • 2,419
202
votes
14 answers

How to view all ssl certificates in a bundle?

I have a certificate bundle .crt file. doing openssl x509 -in bundle.crt -text -noout only shows the root certificate. how do i see all the other certificates?
pdeva
  • 2,517
202
votes
6 answers

Non interactive git clone (ssh fingerprint prompt)

I want to clone a repo in a non-interactive way. When cloning, git asks to confirm host's fingerprint: The authenticity of host 'bitbucket.org (207.223.240.182)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is…
qwe
  • 2,067
202
votes
1 answer

What is a challenge password?

I'm setting up SSL on an Ubuntu server. One of fields it asks for as part of setting up the CSR is a "challenge password". What is that? The default is blank. Do I need to enter one?
Will Martin
  • 2,513
200
votes
5 answers

How to sleep in a batch file?

How to pause execution for a while in a Windows batch file between a command and the next one?
Massimo
  • 71,269
200
votes
3 answers

What does a + mean at the end of the permissions from ls -l?

What is the plus sign at the end of the permissions telling me? ls -l total 4 drwxrwxrwx+ 2 benson avahi-autoipd 4096 Jan 27 17:37 docs Here's the context: cat /etc/issue \CentOS release 5.3 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
bmargulies
  • 2,403
198
votes
11 answers

ssh-agent forwarding and sudo to another user

If I have a server A into which I can login with my ssh key and I have the ability to "sudo su - otheruser", I lose key forwarding, because the env variables are removed and the socket is only readable by my original user. Is there a way I can…
Florian Schulze
196
votes
6 answers

How to cd into a directory with this name "-2" (starting with the hyphen)?

I have a directory named: -2 I want to cd into it but the cd complains: bash: cd: -2: invalid option With no success, I've tried: cd "-2" cd '-2' cd \-2 Any solution? Edit: no file browsers like mc, etc. available on the server.
user151851
  • 1,863
196
votes
6 answers

LVM dangers and caveats

I have recently started using LVM on some servers for hard drives larger than 1 TB. They're useful, expandable and quite easy to install. However, I could not find any data about the dangers and caveats of LVM. What are the downsides of using LVM?
Adam Matan
  • 13,574
196
votes
22 answers

Is it normal to get hundreds of break-in attempts per day?

I just checked my server's /var/log/auth.log and found that I'm getting over 500 failed password/break-in attempt notifications per day! My site is small, and its URL is obscure. Is this normal? Should I be taking any measures?
Kyle Cureau
  • 1,537
195
votes
10 answers

Nginx enable site command

We all know how to enable a website using apache on Linux. I'm pretty sure that we all agree on using the a2ensite command. Unfortunately, there is no default equivalent command that comes with Nginx, but it did happen that I installed some package…
HXH
  • 3,095
194
votes
15 answers

How to know from which yum repository a package has been installed?

After I have installed a package by yum (with multiple repositories configured), how can I find from which repository it has been installed? If I run yum info package-name (or yum list package-name), I can only see that the package is "installed".
lg.
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