tar - Remove leading directory components on extraction

Question

How can you extract only the target dir and not the complete dir tree?

compress

tar cf /var/www_bak/site.tar /var/www/site

extract

tar xf /var/www/site.tar -C /tmp

This will produce:

/tmp/var/www/site

How is it possible to avoid the whole dir tree to be created when the file is extracted?

What I want it to extract to:

/tmp/site

score 440 · Accepted Answer · answered Nov 11 '11 at 15:04

440

You want to use the --strip-components=NUMBER option of tar:

 --strip-components=NUMBER
       strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction

Your command would be:

tar xfz /var/www/site.gz --strip-components=2 -C /tmp

answered Nov 11 '11 at 15:04

MikeyB

39,673

32

This answer is better because you do not have to think about it before the tar creation. You can use it with an already created tar file. Thanks @MikeyB ! – Fabien Quatravaux Mar 25 '14 at 08:39
8

I'm pleased to report this works both in GNU tar and BSD tar. – Nathan Osman Jun 20 '16 at 22:07
8

and because you may not be the tar creator... (or if you're doing it with another tool and that tool does silly things...) – xenoterracide Aug 13 '16 at 04:58
you might still be missing --strip-components flag if you're using busybox-embedded implementation of tar, though. – sylvainulg May 31 '18 at 12:45
3

@FabienQuatravaux Well, yes---if you made a mistake and created an archive that includes leading directories that you do not want to see during extraction. But it's clearer to build the archive without the leading undesirable directories in the first place. – Calaf Nov 15 '18 at 12:13
5

This is the right answer! – geckos Jun 12 '19 at 17:57
@NathanOsman this may work with some recent versions of GNU tar or its other flavors, but that option is not available in legacy GNU versions that are still out there. – Anton Samsonov Sep 06 '21 at 05:37
If you want to remove all leading paths then use --transform='s/^.*\///' instead of strip-components. – CR. Sep 14 '22 at 21:07
At least with the FreeBSD 12.3 version of tar, --strip-components=2 would only strip the leading slash and the first dir. To remove all of it, you'll need --strip-components=3. – emk2203 Dec 11 '22 at 22:32
This also works very well when you change the directory structure in a project, or need to often download design files into a develop repository (e.g. with git archive). – Frank Forte Mar 29 '23 at 20:35

score 54 · Answer 2 · answered Nov 11 '11 at 15:12

54

Why not use -C option when creating:

$ tar cf /var/www/site.tar -C /var/www_bak/ site

answered Nov 11 '11 at 15:12

quanta

51,798

1

TMTOWTDI. That would work too, using the same -C option ;) – MikeyB Nov 11 '11 at 17:27
22

He wants to strip the path from some leading components, not change the output directory. See below for the correct answer. – aymericbeaumet Jul 28 '15 at 13:50
14

We can't use it when someone else prepares the archive. – Jun 16 '18 at 19:42

Because

_t=prefix-$( date +%Y%m%d );
tar -cjf ".backups/$_t.tar.bz2" --transform="s#^(\./)?#$_t/#x;" -- files...;
tar -df ".backups/$_t.tar.bz2" --strip-components=1

– AnrDaemon Sep 03 '18 at 15:36

1

This post answers the wrong question. – John Hanley Jul 27 '23 at 02:29

tar - Remove leading directory components on extraction

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