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Deep Sea mining in international waters is regulated by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The convention has been ratified by 167 state parties, excluding the US and several other nations.

Member (blue) and observer (gold) states of the International Seabed Authority

Member (blue) and observer (gold) states of the International Seabed Authority. Source

Have any non-signatory nations announced plans to proceed with mining within international waters?

JonathanReez
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  • While I welcome the question, it might make sense to differentiate clearly between mining and drilling for oil. The latter is the reason why most states at the Kaspian sea have not joined UNCLOS: it defines large parts of the Kaspian sea as "high sea" and thus not national territory. The states maintain it is just a large lake, and every square mile should be part of a national territory, bringing exploitation of its oil resources under their control. – ccprog Jul 14 '23 at 18:56

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