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Introduction:

  • I often read news which says one president or prime minister calls a president or prime minister of another country.

  • I assume the process is something like: someone (maybe a secretary) schedules the phone call. Once allowed the party wanting to call calls the other party. There might be a group of people accompanying the President or Prime Minister, with at least a translator (for bi-lingual situations) during the phone call.

  • I also assume even though there are lots of countries, which may or may not have specific protocols for government-to-government calls, at least part of the process could have some common protocols. Also, these protocols might be part of diplomat training programmes.

Now, the points above are just assumptions.

Question:

What are the general norms that are followed before and during such phone calls?

Note: If answers are specific to a particular country, it's fine. As mentioned earlier, I presume the process might not differ much from country to country.

Severus Snape
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    I don't think this can be answered. It probably depends a lot on the relationship between the indiviidual people and their countries. Also on the topic to be discussed and the general political context. Surely the arrangements for Trump/Jong-Un will be different to Trump/Johnson or Xi/Jong Un or Trump/Xi etc etc. – James K Aug 17 '20 at 12:23
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    Hypothesis: this process is not transparent, because the governments involved rely on security-by-obscurity to avoid every troll on the internet trying to prank-call heads of state impersonating other heads of state. – Emilio M Bumachar Aug 17 '20 at 19:39

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