"Progressive" is a retrospective term that emerged in the 60s to qualify Jazz and Group songs which although they were stylistically complex, were aimed at being more "accessible" in their construction, falling in between what one would consider "mass audience" popular songs and more obscure or complex song, thus echoing the concept of "progressism".
It then became a popular naming convention in the 60s with the emergence Progressive Pop and Progressive Rock, which used complex instrumentalisation and composition while being constructed following popular songs format.
In the late 80s, progressive electronics emerged by integrating Minimalism and New Age music in Pop, Modern Jazz, Contemporary RnB (late 80s to early 90s RnB), Post-Rock and then went on to integrate Pop-House, Acid House and finally Trance.
In other terms, Progressive Trance emerged in the early 90s as part of a stylistic electronic movement often called "Leftfield", in reference to a popular british group which like many other 80s pop artists introduced New Age leads or patches, on House and Trance oriented tracks.