I want to connect a PostGIS database to ArcMap 10.4. I work on Windows 7 with a PostgreSQL 9.6. Interoperability extension is installed and activated. I can see the PostGIS layers in the Catalog. I can see the field names of the layers. Even the preview works: 
And also in QGIS it works fine. But whenever I try to load one of these PostGIS layer into my project I get an error message: "Attribute column not found" and ArcMap does not show the feature geometries and the attribute columns:
