According to the help file, the ALTER FIELD command is available at any license level.
ArcGIS for Desktop Basic: Yes
Why am I getting a license error when trying to rename a field alias on a sample file geodatabase featureclass?
> arcpy.Describe(u"e:/test.gdb/testFC").fields[2].name
> u'oldfieldname'
> arcpy.AlterField_management(u"e:/test.gdb/testFC", "oldfieldname", "newfieldname" ,"newaliasname")
> ExecuteError: Failed to execute. Parameters are not valid.
> ERROR 000824: The tool is not licensed.
This is a brand new, standard, empty featureclass which I just created for the purposes of this test.