So if I were to have an $n$ length sample of a given sample rate and were to run it through an FFT, resulting in $n$ complex elements. How would I obtain the frequency bins, such that if I know the frequency of some noise, I can remove the noise?
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1Why is it a bad idea to filter by zeroing out FFT bins? – jojeck Oct 27 '14 at 18:57
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So +1 for the question for not assuming it's trivial. – MSalters Oct 28 '14 at 13:06
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If the noise is extremely narrow-band (a perfect sinusoid), exactly integer periodic within the length n samples, and completely disjoint in the frequency domain from the non-noise signal of interest, then you might be able to zero FFT bin number (F_noise * n / F_sample_rate) and IFFT the result.
If the noise is wide band, or of a frequency not exactly at an FFT result bin center, then a time domain filter might be more suitable from removing noise without serious distortion artifacts. Although you might be able to use an FFT/IFFT overlap add/save algorithm method to implement a time-domain FIR filter.
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