Baumeister and Bushman (2007) have given this definition of emotion:
a subjective state, often accompanied by a bodily reaction (e.g., increased heart rate) and an evaluative response, to some event
But I thought that emotion (see the synthesis in SE psycho here) is normally understood as the interpretation of an affect, affect which is a bodily reaction; so that you cannot have an emotion without having a bodily reaction, and so it is not that an emotion is often accompanied by a bodily reaction, but is always accompanied by a bodily reaction.
The wikipedia of Appraisal theory also states my understanding:
According to Schachter and Singer (1962)[26] we can have arousal without emotion, but we cannot have an emotion without arousal.
This question is based on the consensus among Constructionists.
References:
Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). Angry emotions and aggressive behaviors. In G. Steffgen & M. Gollwitzer (Eds.), Emotions and aggressive behavior (pp. 61–75). Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber.
