I finally solved what was causing these problems:
After I figured out I had to save the SHA256SUMS as a file/text file and the .GPG as a .GPG/.SIG file, GPG4Win gave out an error message when trying to verify the GPG signature, saying that the signature was invalid. This problem is caused by missing line breaks when copying the SHA256SUMS into the editor and save it as a text file (only visible when the editor window is maximized). When I save the SHA256SUMS web site (http://releases.ubuntu.com/trusty/SHA256SUMS) as a file/text file, the line breaks stay in the correct format. When verifying the text file and the signature, I finally get the green message saying that the signature is valid.
Thank you for your help.
Also, where do I find the signing key?
– user295031 Jun 19 '14 at 17:39Could you explain, what exactly is inside this specific PGP encrypted signature and what signatures contain in general? Do they contain encrypted hashes that - together with the signing key - are used to check if the encrypted signature's and the ISO's hashes match? This would at least make sense to me.
– user295031 Jun 19 '14 at 21:04Please don't get me wrong: I'm just having problems checking the signature against the hashes text file. If you could tell me, how to accomplish this, step by step, I would be really glad.
– user295031 Jun 19 '14 at 21:10