From what the question seems to imply:
the most significant file that the macOS system writes for itself is perhaps its own version number file?
That file is located at
/System/Library/CoreServices/SystemVersion.plist
If that file contains, for example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>ProductBuildVersion</key>
<string>16G1618</string>
<key>ProductCopyright</key>
<string>1983-2018 Apple Inc.</string>
<key>ProductName</key>
<string>Mac OS X</string>
<key>ProductUserVisibleVersion</key>
<string>10.12.6</string>
<key>ProductVersion</key>
<string>10.12.6</string>
</dict>
</plist>
Then the above is for Sierra 10.12.6.