I'd suggest an application called DaisyDisk, it lets you drill down to each folder level to determine which directory is taking up all of the space. A lot of times, it's either ./MobileBackups or /private/var/vm. The former is where Time Machine stores local, offline cached backups, and /private/var/vm is where sleepimage files are kept. Those typically size up to 1.5x the amount of installed system RAM. The purpose of sleepimage files is to store all of your open data to disk when you put your computer to sleep.
There are a variety of methods to disable both.
Disable /.MobileBackups:
sudo tmutil disablelocal Disable /.MobileBackups
touch /.MobileBackups
sudo chflags uchg /.MobileBackups
Disable sleepimage files:
sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 0
rm -rf /private/var/vm/*
sudo chflags uchg /private/var/vm
Link to DaisyDisk (be sure to run your scan as an administrator)