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Is there any factual basis for this highly up voted/accepted answer that "Transit 5B-5 a.k.a. Oscar 2 is "still kind of 'active'"?

Transit 5B-5 a.k.a. Oscar 2 (not to confuse with OSCAR ham radio satellites), part of the Transit / Navsat navigational satellite program was launched 51 years ago on Dec. 13th 1964 and its telemetry transmitter is still transmitting on 136.650 MHz when it's passing through sunlight. It's not operational anymore (in fact it quit its job 19 days after launch) but it's most likely the oldest piece of space scrap that's still kind of "active".

According to this NASA page, 1964-083D (NORAD 00965, OPS 6582) was nuclear powered, so I don't understand this statement about passing through sunlight.

Nathan Tuggy
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uhoh
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1 Answers1

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It appears that the satellite has indeed been transmitting recently; here's a video with evidence of signal reception in 2014. I don't know enough about software-defined radio to understand exactly what's going on there but something seems to be signaling.

Regarding power supply, I don't have any authoritative sources, but the Transit page on wikipedia mentions some of the Transit sats having RTGs/"nuclear power sources". 5B5 isn't among them:

  • Transit 4A, launched June 29, 1961, was the first satellite to use a radioactive power source (RTG) (a SNAP-3). Transit 4B (1961) also had a SNAP-3 RTG. ...
  • Transit 5A3 and Transit 5B-1 (1963) each had a SNAP-3 RTG.
  • Transit 5B-2 (1963) had a SNAP-9A RTG.
  • Transit-9 and 5B4 (1964) and Transit-5B7 and 5B6 (1965) each had "a nuclear power source".

Note that the illustration on the page shows solar panels but doesn't specify which satellite it is.

The SNAP page, however, gives us a big hint:

After SNAP-3 on Transit 4A/B, SNAP-9A units served aboard many of the Transit satellite series. In April 1964 a SNAP-9A failed to achieve orbit and disintegrated, dispersing roughly 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of plutonium-238 over all continents. Most plutonium fell in the southern hemisphere. Estimated 6300GBq or 2100 man-Sv of radiation was released and led to NASA's development of solar photovoltaic energy technology.

Astronautix says:

There were three series of operational prototypes to finalize other design choices. The Transit 5A and 5C-1 prototypes used solar power, and the 5BN series used nuclear power. The 5E series used solar power but instead of the navigation package had instruments to measure the Transit orbital environment. To accomplish this they were launched piggy-back with the 5B series using Thor Able-Star boosters.

After the failure of Transit 5BN-3 to achieve orbit, it was decided that operational satellites would be solar powered. Not only was the cost lower, but the need to obtain special approvals to launch each nuclear-powered satellite and the operational and publicity issues in case of a failure to orbit were unacceptable.

So it seems that 5B5 was redesigned for solar power after the accident.

Russell Borogove
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  • I've clarified the first sentence - it is indeed the latter, and you've answered my question very nicely! You've also answered my question here as well! Consider adding a comment there, or just adding to the answer there directly? – uhoh Apr 19 '17 at 10:41