Most Popular

1500 questions
78
votes
0 answers

The exponent of Ш of $y^2 = x^3 + px$, where $p$ is a Fermat prime

For $d$ a non-zero integer, let $E_d$ be the elliptic curve $$ E_d : y^2 = x^3+dx. $$ When we let $d$ be $p = 2^{2^k}+1$, for $k \in \{1,2,3,4\}$, sage tells us that, conditionally on BSD, $$ \# Ш(E_p) = 2^{2k-2}. $$ Together with the fact that…
R.P.
  • 4,745
78
votes
21 answers

Is rigour just a ritual that most mathematicians wish to get rid of if they could?

"No". That was my answer till this afternoon! "Mathematics without proofs isn't really mathematics at all" probably was my longer answer. Yet, I am a mathematics educator who was one of the panelists of a discussion on "proof" this afternoon,…
Amir Asghari
  • 2,277
  • 3
  • 40
  • 58
78
votes
1 answer

The topology of Arithmetic Progressions of primes

The primary motivation for this question is the following: I would like to extract some topological statistics which capture how arithmetic progressions of prime numbers "fit together" in a manner that will be made precise below. Setup Consider a…
Vidit Nanda
  • 15,397
78
votes
12 answers

What practical applications does set theory have?

I am a non-mathematician. I'm reading up on set theory. It's fascinating, but I wonder if it's found any 'real-world' applications yet. For instance, in high school when we were learning the properties of i, a lot of the kids wondered what it was…
user2929
  • 799
77
votes
3 answers

5/8 bound in group theory

The odds of two random elements of a group commuting is the number of conjugacy classes of the group $$ \frac{ \{ (g,h): ghg^{-1}h^{-1} = 1 \} }{ |G|^2} = \frac{c(G)}{|G|}$$ If this number exceeds 5/8, the group is Abelian (I forget which groups…
john mangual
  • 22,599
77
votes
9 answers

Can we unify addition and multiplication into one binary operation? To what extent can we find universal binary operations?

The question is the extent to which we can unify addition and multiplication, realizing them as terms in a single underlying binary operation. I have a number of questions. Is there a binary operation $n\star m$ on the integers $\mathbb{Z}$ such…
77
votes
11 answers

Applications of mathematics

All of us have probably been exposed to questions such as: "What are the applications of group theory...". This is not the subject of this MO question. Here is a little newspaper article that I found inspiring: Madam, – In response to Marc…
77
votes
15 answers

Each mathematician has only a few tricks

The question "Every mathematician has only a few tricks" originally had approximately the title of my question here, but originally admitted an interpretation asking for a small collection of tricks used by all mathematicians. That question now has…
Jon Bannon
  • 6,987
  • 6
  • 68
  • 110
77
votes
5 answers

Inaccessible cardinals and Andrew Wiles's proof

In a recent issue of New Scientist (16 Aug 2010), I was surprised to read that a part of Wiles' proof of Taniyama-Shimura conjecture relies on inaccessible cardinals. Here's the article Richard Elwes, To infinity and beyond: The struggle to save…
Cosmonut
  • 1,041
77
votes
3 answers

Gromov's list of 7 constructions in differential topology

At the 2010 Clay Research Conference, Gromov explained that we know of only 7 different methods for constructing smooth manifolds. Working from memory, and hence not necessarily respecting the order he used: Algebraic geometry (affine and…
77
votes
28 answers

Good papers/books/essays about the thought process behind mathematical research

Papers in mathematics are generally written as if the major insights suddenly appeared, unbidden, in a notebook on the researcher's desk and then were fleshed out into the final paper. While this is great for finding out about results, it's terrible…
DoubleJay
  • 2,353
  • 3
  • 33
  • 45
77
votes
2 answers

Complex structure on $S^6$ gets published in Journ. Math. Phys

A paper by Gabor Etesi was published that purports to solve a major outstanding problem: Complex structure on the six dimensional sphere from a spontaneous symmetry breaking Journ. Math. Phys. 56, 043508-1-043508-21 (2015) journal version, current…
77
votes
9 answers

Irreducibility of polynomials in two variables

Let $k$ be a field. I am interested in sufficient criteria for $f \in k[x,y]$ to be irreducible. An example is Theorem A of this paper (Brindza and Pintér, On the irreducibility of some polynomials in two variables, Acta Arith. 1997). Does anyone…
Hailong Dao
  • 30,261
76
votes
7 answers

Example of a manifold which is not a homogeneous space of any Lie group

Every manifold that I ever met in a differential geometry class was a homogeneous space: spheres, tori, Grassmannians, flag manifolds, Stiefel manifolds, etc. What is an example of a connected smooth manifold which is not a homogeneous space of any…
MTS
  • 8,419
76
votes
34 answers

Dimension leaps

Many mathematical areas have a notion of "dimension", either rigorously or naively, and different dimensions can exhibit wildly different behaviour. Often, the behaviour is similar for "nearby" dimensions, with occasional "dimension leaps" marking…
Andrew Stacey
  • 26,373